Pragmatics (Introduction and Background)
Hello
everyone! Today I'm going to introduce you to a branch of Linguistics,
i.e. Pragmatics. I'm no expert, for sure. So I just make summaries from
Yule's book (1998).
Since
I'm also learning Pragmatics, it'll be useful for me if I make
summaries orderly from every chapter of Yule's book. And I think it'd be
better if I share this here.
In
this section, you're going to learn the definition of Pragmatics, and
to differentiate between Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics. I'll put the
reference at the bottom of this section.
Pragmatics is:
·
The study of speaker meaning
·
The study of contextual meaning
·
The study of how more gets
communicated than is said
·
The study of the expression of
relative distance
Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics
Syntax
|
The study of the relationships between
linguistic forms, how they are arranged in sequence, and which sequences are
well-formed.
|
Semantics
|
The study of the relationships between
linguistic forms and entities in the world; that is, how words literally
connect to things.
|
Pragmatics
|
The study of relationships between linguistic
forms and the users of those forms.
|
· The advantage of studying pragmatics is that one can talk about
people’s intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and the
kinds of actions (for example, requests) that they are performing when they
speak.
· The disadvantage is that all these very human concepts are extremely
difficult to analyse in a consistent and objective way.
Regularity
· Some regularity derives from the
fact that people are members of social groups and follow general patterns of
behavior expected within the group.
· Another source of regularity in
language use derives from the fact that most people within a linguistic
community have similar basic experiences of the world and share a lot of
non-linguistic knowledge.
· Nothing in the use of linguistic
forms is inaccurate, but getting the pragmatics wrong might be offensive.
The Pragmatics Wastebasket
· Wastebasket is made from the notes
on ordinary language that fill up linguists and philosophers’ work tables and
that are knocked off.
· The contents of that wastebasket
were not originally organised under a single category. They were defined
negatively, as the stuff that wasn’t easily handled within the formal systems
of analysis.
Conclusion
Pragmatics is
different from syntax and semantics, since it studies the relationships between
linguistics forms and the users of those forms.
By using
pragmatics, we will be able to know speaker’s intentions, assumptions, and
goals. In pragmatics,
however, we cannot analyse the human concepts consistently and objectively.
Reference: Yule, G. 1998. Pragmatics. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.